Manny Oloyede | NMLS 1824463

Underwriting & Approval

What Is a Letter of Explanation for a Mortgage?

What a letter of explanation is, when lenders require one, and a simple structure that gets it accepted the first time.

Updated 2026-08-21| Applies to: Anyone whose file has a deposit, credit event or employment item that needs context.

The short answer

A letter of explanation is a short signed statement documenting the reason behind something in your file, such as a large deposit, a credit inquiry, an employment gap or a late payment. It should state the facts, the date, the amount and the source in a few sentences, with supporting documents attached.

The file is read by people who will never speak with you. A letter of explanation puts the story on paper so the reviewer does not have to guess.

When one is usually required

  • A deposit that is not payroll and is large relative to your income
  • A recent credit inquiry, especially if new debt could have been opened
  • A gap in employment or a job change during the last two years
  • Late payments, a collection, a charge off or a past bankruptcy or foreclosure
  • Owning another property, or an address that does not match your credit report

A structure that works

  1. 1.What happened, in one or two plain sentences
  2. 2.The date and dollar amount, if money is involved
  3. 3.Where the money came from or why the event occurred
  4. 4.What is attached as proof
  5. 5.Your signature and the date

Example

"The $4,200 deposit on June 12 was the sale of my 2014 Honda to Marcus Hall. Attached are the signed title transfer and the buyer's cashier's check copy." That is a complete letter.

Do not guess at facts. If you are unsure of a date or amount, confirm it before writing, because a letter that conflicts with the documents creates a second condition.

Frequently Asked Questions

Usually not. A signed and dated letter with supporting documents is standard.

No. It has to be your statement, though your loan officer can tell you exactly which facts the underwriter needs.

A few sentences. Longer letters tend to raise new questions.

Say so plainly. Some items can be accepted with an explanation alone; unsourced funds usually cannot be used for closing.

No. Underwriters expect explanations. What hurts is an unexplained pattern.

People also ask

How long does underwriting take?

Initial underwriting review commonly takes a few business days after a complete file is submitted, and condition reviews are usually faster. Timelines vary by lender workload and file complexity.

Read: What an Underwriter Actually Checks on Your Loan

How many conditions is normal?

It varies widely. A straightforward W 2 file may have a handful; a self employed or investment property file can have many more. Volume alone does not mean the loan is at risk.

Read: Conditional Approval and Loan Conditions Explained

Do I have to explain why I was not working?

You will be asked for a brief written explanation. It can be short and factual; detailed personal or medical records are not typically required.

Read: Employment Gaps and Mortgage Approval

How large is a large deposit?

Thresholds vary by program and lender, and many use a percentage of the purchase price or compare the deposit against your monthly income. Anything unusual for your pattern can be questioned.

Read: Large Deposits and Sourcing Your Down Payment

Terms used in this guide

Underwriting
The lender's review of credit, income, assets and the property to confirm the loan meets program guidelines.
Gift Funds
Money given by an eligible donor, usually a relative, toward down payment or closing costs. Lenders require a gift letter and a documented paper trail.
Assets
Funds and accounts a lender reviews to confirm you can cover the down payment, closing costs and any required reserves.
Browse the full mortgage glossary

Written by

Manny Oloyede, Mortgage Broker

NMLS #1824463 | Ultimate Mortgage Brokers LLC NMLS #2619461 | Licensed in OH | KY | NC | PA | SC | TN | TX

I have worked in mortgage lending since 2018 out of the Akron / Cuyahoga Falls Branch, helping buyers, homeowners and investors across Northeast Ohio and every state where I am licensed. These guides reflect the questions I answer most often, written the way I would explain them on a call.

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